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@#AIM: To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of enriched environment on regulating the plasticity of visual cortex in adult monocular deprivation amblyopia mice.<p>METHODS: In this experimental study, a total of 72 Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group(Nor), monocular deprivation+ standard environment group(MD+SE), monocular deprivation + enriched environment group(MD+EE)and monocular deprivation+ fluoxetine group(MD+FLX). MD model of mice were established at postpartum 21d, and then fed the mice under SE or EE for 4wk. For the mice in MD+FLX group, they were fed by water with fluoxetine. The visual acuity and flash visual evoked potential of mice in each group were detected. Ultrastructral modifications of synaptic junctions in each group were detected using the electronic microscope. We also applied the molecular biology to study the role of enriched environment in visual cortex of adult amblyopic mice whether through regulating the expression of IGF-1, IGF-1R and IGFBP5.<p>RESULTS: 1)Visual acuity examination: the successful rate of forepaw-reaching reflex in MD+SE group mice is lower than that in Nor group(<i>P</i><0.001). Compared to MD+SE group, the successful rate of forepaw-reaching reflex improved in MD+EE group(<i>P</i><0.001)and MD+FLX group(<i>P</i><0.001). The difference is not significant between the MD+EE group and MD+FLX group(<i>P</i>=0.816); 2)Flash-visual evoked potential examination: compare to the Nor group, the P2 latency was prolonged(<i>P</i><0.01), and the P2 amplitude was decreased(<i>P</i><0.01)of flash-visual evoked potential(F-VEP)in the deprived eye in MD+SE group mice; After raring in enriched environment, the P2 latency was shortened(<i>P</i>=0.003)and P2 amplitude was increased(<i>P</i>=0.000)in the deprivated eye detected with F-VEP, which is not significant in P2 latency and amplitude when compare to MD+FLX group(<i>P</i>>0.05); 3)The structural modifications of synaptic junctions examined by electromicrographs: Compare to the Nor group, the synaptic clefts increased(<i>P</i><0.01), the synaptic active zone shortened(<i>P</i><0.01), and the thickness of PSD decreased(<i>P</i><0.01)in MD+SE group mice. After raring in enriched environment, the synaptic clefts decreased(<i>P</i>=0.0035), the synaptic active zone prolonged(<i>P</i>=0.000)and the thickness of PSD increased(<i>P</i>=0.000)in the visual cortex contralateral to the deprived eye, which is not significant in all of the structural parameters of the synaptic junction in visual cortex when compare to MD+FLX group(<i>P</i>>0.05); 4)IGF-1, IGF-1R and IGFBP5 expression detected by Western-blot: Compare to the Nor group, the IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression in visual cortex contralateral to deprivated eye are both down-regulated in MD+SE group(<i>P</i><0.01; <i>P</i><0.01). After raring in enriched environment, the expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1R in MD+EE group was significantly higher than that in MD+SE group(<i>P</i>=0.016; <i>P</i>=0.041), but still lower than that in Nor group(<i>P</i>=0.001; <i>P</i>=0.001). The different expression of IGFBP5 in each group is not significant(<i>P</i>>0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: Environmental enrichment can improve the visual function through reactivating the plasticity of monocular deprivation amblyopia mice. The mechanism is presumed to be related to the expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1R.
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@#AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of oral propranolol for treatment of vision function-threaten infantile ocular hemangioma. <p>METHODS: This is a prospective observational study. A total of 54 infants with huge ocular hemangioma were treated with oral propranolol. The changes of tumor appearance, tumor size evaluated by color ultrasound or MRI were examined before treatment, 1mo, 3mo, 6mo and 1a after treatment. In addition, the astigmatism degree of hemangioma eyes were measured with cycloplegic refraction before treatment and at the stage of drug withdrawal, the local and general adverse reactions were recorded during the treatment. <p>RESULTS: One week after treatment, all of the cases had different degrees of tumor color or texture changes gradually. 1mo, 3mo and 6mo after treatment, the effective rates were 88%, 96% and 98%, the cure rates were 25%, 35% and 67% respectively. The patients with ocular dysfunction such as ptosis, ocular motility disorder or exophthalmos became better gradually during the treatment, and were fully recovered finally as the hemangioma shrinking. At the stage of drug withdrawal, the <i>M</i>(<i>P</i>25, <i>P</i>75)of the hemangioma average volume were 150.00(0.00, 378.00)mm3 which decreased from 3254.00(2016.00, 7600.00)mm3 before treatment; and the <i>M</i>(<i>P</i>25, <i>P</i>75)of astigmatism values were 0.75(0.50, 1.44)D compared with 2.25(1.00, 3.50)D measured pre-treatment. The difference of hemangioma volume and astigmatism values before and after treatment was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.001). <p>CONCLUSION: With the detailed assessment of the general condition of patients, oral propranolol of recommended dosage for treatment of vision function-threaten infantile ocular hemangioma was a safe and effective regimen.
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AIM:To investigate whether serum microRNA(miR)-103b plays a critical role in the pathogene-sis of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and pre-diabetic syndrome.METHODS:Bioinformatic analysis was used for iden-tification of miR-103b and its targets,and the results were assessed by real-time PCR and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC)curve analysis in 48 patients with pre-diabetes mellitus(pre-DM),47 patients with noncomplicated diabetes melli-tus(NCDM),and 50 healthy individuals.RESULTS:miR-103b was significantly down-regulated in serum from the pa-tients with pre-DM and NCDM compared with healthy individuals.The ROC curve analysis found that the area under the curve(AUC)of miR-103b was 0.887(95% CI 0.809~0.944).The bioinformatic analysis has demonstrated that miR-103b has a high degree of site conservation among different mammalian species,such as Homo sapiens,Mus musculus,Rat-tus norvegicus,Pongo pygmaeus,Sus scrofa,etc.Fifty-three potential targets of miR-103b were predicted, most of which were involved in MAPK,Wnt,insulin and Ras signaling pathways,and enriched in various biological processes(such as phosphoprotein,DNA regulation transcription,cell growth and proliferation,apoptosis, cell cycle, etc), molecular func-tions(such as protein binding)and cell component(such as filamentous actin).CONCLUSION:Serum miR-103b can be used as an objective complement to traditional diagnosis of pre-diabetes,indicating important implications regarding the distinguish of the undiagnosed cases between diabetes and pre-diabetes by circulating miRNA.
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Background Nearly over 40 years have elapsed since the original findings of visual cortical plasticity,but none of drug has been found for curing amblyopia effectively. Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of different dose of levodopa on flash visual evoked potential(F-VEP)and morphology of visual cortex cells in monocular deprivation rat and explore the possible mechanism of curing amblyopia.Methods Monocular deprivation model were established by suturing eyelids of 30 2-week-old Sprague Dawley(SD)rats for 4 weeks.The 30 SD rats were then divided into 3 groups randomly and 10 rats for each group.Normal saline.20 ms/kg levodopa,80 ms/kg levodopa were intragastrically administered once per day after modeling respectively for 4 weeks.F-VEP was recorded after establishment of model and administration of drug respectively.The rats were sacrificed and the visual cogex was obtained for histological examination,and TUNEL technique was used to assess the structural change of visual cortex.Results The latency of P1 wave was significantly longer in the deprived eye than the normal eyes(P<0.05).After administration of levodopa,the latent periods of Pl wave in the deprived eye were obviously shortened in comparison with before administration of levodopa in 20 ms/kg and 80 mg/kg levodopa group (P<0.05).The difference values of latent period of P1 wave between before and after administration of drug showed statistically significant change in three groups(P<0.05).No evidently alterations were found in the amplitude differences of N1 P1 and P1 N2 waves among three groups(P>0.05).The number and structure of neurons in contralateral visual cortex of non-deprived eye were normal.However,the numbers of neurons in deprived eye were significantly less and presented the signs of para-apoptosis in normal saline group.In 20 mg/kg levodopa groups,the alterations of number and morphology in neurons of rat visual eogex were slight.TUNEL assay revealed that the numbers of positive neurons in contralateral visual codex of non-deprived eye were 2.20±1.23.while those in deprived eye were 53.7±9.36,27.20 4±5.96 and 10.70±3.23 in normal saline group,20 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg levodopa group respectively,showing a significant difference among them(P>0.05).After usage of levodopa,the numbers of positive neurons was negatively correlated with the difference value of P,latent period of VEP(r=-0.815,P=0.000).Conclusion Levodopa has a therapeutic effect on rat deprived eye,and its possible mechanism is inhibiting the para-apoptosis of neurons and participating in the development and plasticity of visual system.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the incidence of post-operative delirium after oral and maxillofacial surgery under general anesthesia in elderly patients, and to examine its association with plasma concentrations of beta amyloid protein 1-40 (Abeta1-40).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty patients underwent elective oral and maxillofacial surgery were divided into two groups: Group C (n=20) aged from 20 to 60 years old, and Group T (n=30) aged from 62 to 78 years old. The two group received the same general anesthesia. Delirium rating scale-revised-98 (DRS-R-98) was used as an instrument to diagnose and access the postoperative delirium of the two groups. The scores of DRS-R-98 were recorded before operation (T0) and at 24 h (T1), 48 h (T2), 72 h(T3) and 96 h(T4) after the operation. Serial measurements of serum concentrations of Abeta1-40 were also performed at the same time.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of post-operative delirium after oral and maxillofacial surgery in Group T was 20.0%. The concentrations of plasma Abeta1-40 in group T were much higher than group C at TO, T1, T2 and T3 significantly (P < 0.01). The concentrations of plasma Abeta1-40 at T1 and T2 were higher than those at TO in the same group (P < 0.05). The scores of DRS-R-98 in Group T at T3 and T4 were much higher than those at T1 and Group C significantly (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The constant increase of plasma Abeta1-40 may be one of the important factors related to post-operative delirium in elderly patients underwent oral and maxillofacial surgery.</p>
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Amyloid beta-Peptides , Delirium , Peptide Fragments , Surgery, OralABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the influence of propofol and isoflurane on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine response to perioperative period of tongue cancer surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four adult patients undergone the operation of tongue cancer were assigned to two groups randomly, propofol group (Group P) and isoflurane group (Group I). In group P, anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 2-3 microg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg, atracurium 0.6 mg/kg and maintained with propofol 5-8 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) and inhalation of 50% nirous oxide (N2O:O2=50%:50%). In group I, anesthesia was induced with 3%-4% isoflurane, fentanyl 2-3 microg/kg, diazepam 0.06-0.1 mg/kg, atracurium 0.6 mg/kg and maintained with inhalation of 50% N2O and isoflurane (ended-tidal isoflurane was maintained at 0.6%), in two groups atracurium was given intermittently. Blood samples were taken from peripheral vein before anesthesia (TO), at the end of operation (T1), 24 h (T2) and 48 h (T3) after operation for determination of serum IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and body temperature in two groups were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IL-6 and IL-10 levels increased significantly in two groups at T1, T2 and T3 compared with T0 (P < 0.01). The increasing trend of IL-6 and IL-10 levels were similar in both groups, whereas the level of IL-6 at T1 in propofol group was lower than that of isoflurane group significantly (P < 0.01), however the level of IL-10 was much higher in propofol group than that of isoflurane group at T1 and T2 (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The influence of total intravenous anesthesia of propofol on post-operation inflammatory response is much gentler than isoflurane.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Cytokines , Interleukin-10 , Interleukin-6 , Isoflurane , Neoplasms , Perioperative Period , Postoperative Period , PropofolABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the suppressive effects of tramadol and low-dose ketamine on postoperative hyperalgesia after remifentanil-based anaesthesia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total number of sixty ASA I - II adult patients who undergone the operation of cranio-cervical region were assigned to three groups randomly, controlled group (Group C), tramadol group (Group T) and low-dose ketamine group (Group K). Before the end of surgery, Group T was given tramadol 0.3 mg/kg, Group K was given ketamine 0.5 mg/kg and Group C wasn't given any medicine. When the visual analogue scale (VAS) score of the group C was over five, tramadol 0.3 mg/kg was given to the patients. The four-level verbal rating scale after trachea extubation, VAS score, the time of requiring analgesia again by patients and adverse drug reactions such as nausea, vomit, diplopia and hallucination were recorded for 24 hours after surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After operation, the VAS score of Group C was much higher than that of Group K in the first 4 hours and Group T was higher than Group K during 2, 3 and 4 hours (P < 0.05). The time of requiring analgesia by patients in Group C and Group T was earlier than Group K. The adverse drug reaction showed no significant difference in three groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Low-dose ketamine had significant suppressive effect on patients with postoperative hyperalgesia and acute opioid tolerance after remifentanil-based anaesthesia.</p>